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Instrumentation Reference Book 3rd Ed – Walter Boyes

Publicado: 2010-04-30 00:07:08

Instrumentation Reference Book 3rd Edition.
Walter Boyes

                                                                   

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Part 1: Mechanical Measurements
1 Measurement of flow
Introduction. Basic principles of flow measurement. Fluid flow in closed pipes. Flow in open channels. Point velocity measurement. Flowmeter calibration methods.
2 Measurement of viscosity
Introduction. Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior. Measurement of the shear viscosity. Shop-floor viscometers. Measurement of the extensional viscosity. Measurement of viscosity under extremes of temperature and pressure. On-line measurements.Accuracy and range.
3 Measurement of length
Introduction. The nature of length. Derived measurements. Standards and calibration of length. Practice of length measurement for industrial use.Automatic gauging systems.
4 Measurement of strain
Strain. Bonded resistance strain gauges. Gauge characteristics. Installation. Circuits for strain gauges. Vibrating wire strain gauge. Capacitive strain gauges. Surveys of whole surfaces. Photo-elasticity.
5 Measurement of level and volume
Introduction. Practice of level measurement. Calibration of level-measuring systems. Methods providing full-range level measurement. Methods providing short-range detection.
6 Vibration
Introduction. Amplitude calibration. Sensor practice. Literature.
7 Measurement of force
Basic concepts. Force measurement methods. Lever-balance methods. Force-balance methods. Hydraulic pressure measurement. Acceleration measurement. Elastic elements. Further developments.
8 Measurement of density
General. Measurement of density using weight. Measurement of density using buoyancy. Measurement of density using hydrostatic head. Measurement of density using radiation. Measurement of density using resonant elements.
9 Measurement of pressure
What is pressure? Pressure measurement. Pressure transmitters.
10 Measurement of vacuum
Introduction. Absolute gauges. Non-absolute gauges.
11 Particle sizing
Introduction. Characterization of particles. Terminal velocity. Optical effects caused by particles. Particle shape. Methods for characterizing a group of particles. Analysis methods that measure size directly. Analysis methods that measure terminal velocity. Analysis methods that infer size from some other property.
12 Fiber optics in sensor instrumentation
Introduction. Principles of optical fiber sensing. Interferometric sensing approach. Doppler anemometry. In-fiber sensing structures.
13 Microprocessor-based and intelligent transmitters
Introduction. Terminology. Background information. Attributes and features of microprocessor-based and intelligent transmitters. Microprocessor-based and intelligent temperature transmitters. Microprocessorbased and intelligent pressure and differential transmitters. Microprocessor-based and intelligent flowmeters. Other microprocessor-based and intelligent transmitters. Other microprocessor-based and intelligent measurement systems. Fieldbus. User experience with microprocessor-based and intelligent transmitters. Fieldbus function and benefits.

Part 2: Measurement of Temperature and Chemical Composition
14 Temperature measurement
Temperature and heat. Temperature scales. Measurement techniques: direct effects. Measurement techniques: electrical. Measurement techniques: thermocouples. Measurement techniques: radiation thermometers. Temperature measurement considerations.
15 Chemical analysis: introduction
Introduction to chemical analysis. Chromatography, Polarography and anodic stripping voltammetry. Thermal analysis.
16 Chemical analysis: spectroscopy
Absorption and reflection techniques. Atomic techniques: emission, absorption, and fluorescence. X-ray spectroscopy. Photo-acoustic spectroscopy. Microwave spectroscopy. Neutron activation. Mass spectrometers.
17 Chemical analysis: electrochemical techniques
Acids and alkalis. Ionization of water. Electrical conductivity. The concept of pH. Electrode potentials. Ion-selective electrodes. Potentiometry and specific ion measurement. Common electrochemical analyzers.
18 Chemical analysis: gas analysis
Introduction. Separation of gaseous mixtures. Detectors. Process chromatography. Special gas analyzers. Calibration of gas analyzers.
19 Chemical analysis: moisture measurement
Introduction. Definitions. Measurement techniques Calibration.

Part 3: Electrical and Radiation Measurements
20 Electrical measurements
Units and standards of electrical measurement. Measurement of d.c. and a.c. current and voltage using indicating instruments. Digital voltmeters and digital multimeters. Power measurement. Measurement of electrical energy. Power-factor measurement. The measurement of resistance, capacitance, and inductance. Digital frequency and period/time-interval measurement. Frequency and phase measurement using an oscilloscope.
21 Optical measurements
Introduction. Light sources. Detectors. Detector techniques. Intensity measurement. Wavelength and color. Measurement of optical properties. Thermal imaging techniques.
22 Nuclear instrumentation technology
Introduction. Detectors. Electronics.
23 Measurements employing nuclear techniques
Introduction. Materials analysis. Mechanical measurements. Miscellaneous measurements.
24 Non-destructive testing
Introduction. Visual examination. Surface-inspection methods. Ultrasonics. Radiography. Underwater non-destructive testing. Developments. Certification of personnel.
25 Noise measurement
Sound and sound fields. Instrumentation for the measurement of sound-pressure level. Frequency analyzers. Recorders. Sound-intensity analyzers. Calibration of measuring instruments. The measurement of sound-pressure level and sound level. Effect of environmental conditions on measurements.

Part 4: Instrumentation Systems
26 Design and construction of instruments
Introduction. Instrument design. Elements of construction. Construction of electronic instruments. Mechanical instruments.
27 Instrument installation and commissioning
Introduction. General requirements. Storage and protection. Mounting and accessibility. Piping systems. Cabling. Grounding. Testing and pre-commissioning. Plant commissioning.
28 Sampling
Introduction. Sample system components. Typical sample systems.
29 Telemetry
Introduction. Communication channels. Signal multiplexing. Pulse encoding. Carrier wave modulation. Error detection and correction codes. Direct analog signal transmission. Frequency transmission. Digital signal transmission.
30 Display and recording
Introduction. Indicating devices. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Plasma displays. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs). Graphical recorders. Magnetic recording. Transient wave form recorders. Data loggers.
31 Pneumatic instrumentation
Basic characteristics. Pneumatic measurement and control svstems. Princioal measurements. Pneumatic transmission. Pneumatic controllers. Signal conditioning. Electropneumatic interface.
32 Reliability in instrumentation and control
Reliability principles and terminology. Reliability assessment . System design. Building high-reliability systems. The human operator in control and instrumentation. Safety monitoring. Software reliability. Electronic and avionic systems. Nuclear reactor control systems. Process and plant control.
33 Safety
Introduction. Electrocution risk. Flammable atmospheres. Other safety aspects. Conclusion.
34 History of instrumentation
Introduction. Parts of the system. Microsoft Windows. Traditional and graphical programming languages. Personal computers for data acquisition (and instrument control). Other parts of the system. Machine vision. Industrial networks and fieldbuses. Personal computer buses. New serial buses. Firewire: IEEE-1394. Older PC buses. The VXI bus. HS488: enhancing the IEEE488.1 Specification. Ethernet. Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA). Interchangeable Virtual Instruments (IVI). Real-time programming. The future of virtual instrumentation.
35 EMC
Introduction. Interference coupling mechanisms. Circuits, layout, and grounding. Interfaces. filtering, and shielding. The regulatory framework.

Part 5: Further Scientific and Technical Information
36 Trigonometric functions and general formulae.
Mathematical signs and symbols. Trigonometric formulae. Trigonometric values. Approximations for small angles. Solution of triangles. Spherical triangle. Exponential form. De Moivre's theorem. Euler's relation. Hyperbolic functions, Complex variable, Cauchy-Riemann equations. Cauchy's theorem. Zeros; poles, and residues. Some standard forms. Coordinate systems. Transformation of integrals. Laplace's equation. Solution of equations. Method of least squares. Relation between decibels, current and voltage ratio, and power ratio.
37 Statistics
Introduction. Data presentation. Averages. Dispersion from the average, Skewness, Combinations and permutations. Regression and correlation. Probability. Probability distributions. Sampling. Tests of significance
38 Quantities and units
International unit system. Universal constants in SI units. Metric to Imperial conversion factors. Symbols and abbreviations.
39 Electricity
Introduction. Molecules, atoms, and electrons. Atomic structure. Wave mechanics. Electrons in atoms. Energy levels. Electrons in metals. Conductivity. Electron emission. Electrons in crystals. Insulators. Semiconductors. Magnetism. Simplified electrical theories.
40 Light
Introduction. The optical spectrum. Basic concepts of optical radiation. Radiometry and photometry. Units of measurement. Practical measurements. Interaction of light with matter.
41 Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation. Nuclear radiation.
42 Connectors
Connector housings. Connector contacts. Connector terminations. Tooling. Mass termination connectors. Fiber optics connectors. Radio frequency connectors.
43 Noise and communication
Interference and noise in communication systems. Man-made noise. Natural sources of noise. Random noise. Electronic vacuum tube noise. Transistor noise. Noise figure. Measurement of noise. Methods of improving signal-to-noise ratio.

                                                                   

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